The War Agaisnt Heart Failure - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1104 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/03/18 Category Analytics Essay Level High school Tags: Failure Essay Did you like this example? The human body is an amazing creation, probably one of the most amazing yet fragile natural machines in the world. Within this incredible machine, lays two core components that make everything else function, the heart and brain. The heart pumps gallons of blood throughout the body nonstop until death, in order for it to functions, while the brain tells what parts of the body to do what, while processing any given information or sensation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The War Agaisnt Heart Failure" essay for you Create order Both capable of amazing feats, and yet both extremely fragile and would cause serious life impediments if either were damaged. In this research paper, I will be focusing on the heart, the motor of the human body, and heart disease. The most well known cause for heart disease would be atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is when fat, joined by bad cholesterol not carried away by good cholesterol, causes build up in the arteries known as plaque, and causes the artery to become weak and less flexible, and can prevent blood and oxygen from flowing. Besides, genetics play a large role in heart disease. A persons genetic makeup can help determine how well their body break down fat, their metabolism, how their body produces its own cholesterol, and how well it handles cholesterol. Moreover, the diet of a person can help determine their risk of heart disease. Diets high in trans fat, cereal grains, paired with lack of fruits, vegetables, protein, antioxidants, calcium, fiber, and complex carbohydrates affect how well the body breaks down incoming materials eventually going into the bloodstream forming plaque clots or continually flowing through. Smoking and drinking which also damages the body can also play a role in heart disease; smoking also builds up plaque in the arteries but also damages blood vessels. Alcohol can also have a negative effect on heart health. Consuming alcohol in large amounts can increase the amount of fat (triglycerides) in the blood. Drugs also can play a role in heart disease. Illegal recreational drugs can damage blood vessels by leaving toxins in it; can cause abnormal heart beats and rhythms, and can even cause lung failure. Cocaine has a large array of heart damages. Cocaine can cause chest pain, heart attack, heart failure, stroke, aortic dissection, abnormal heart rhythms, heart inflammation and enlargement, and blood clots. Unfortunately, gender plays a role in heart disease risk too. Studies show that men are more at risk for heart disease than are women. This is because men are shown to eat more unhealthy foods and have higher stress levels with less social stress relief, which also lead to unhealthier coping habits such as drinking or smoking. Most women do not have the burden of financial maker, and tend to have a higher level of social support to dea l with stressful events. Stress does play an indirect role in heart health; stress can cause certain unhealthy habits such as unhealthy eating, drinking, drugs, and smoking. Improving ones own personal life can definitely lower the risk of heart disease. Avoiding stress or taking breaks that would improve stress levels would help reduce the chance of someone becoming overstressed and going into an outbreak of unhealthy habits that would harm their hearts. Having a healthy diet high in fruits, vegetables, healthy grains, and protein, avoiding food with high saturated fats and such, could help keep blood vessels healthy, prevent blood clots, and allow better blood flow. Exercise is a great way to keep a strong and healthy heart. With a lot of exercise, a person can build up their hearts strength, which allows it to pump blood throughout the body easier and also pushes through and clears plaque buildup as opposed to hearts with weaker hearts. Avoiding the use of smoking devices can avoid the problem of smoke damaging blood cells and plaque buildup from smoke. Limiting the amount of alcohol consumption helps lower the risk of a rise of fat (triglycerides) in the blood. Avoiding the use of illegal recreational drugs, especially cocaine, avoids many of the risks of intoxicated blood vessels, abnormal heart beats and rhythms, lung failure, chest pain, heart attack, heart failure, stroke, aortic dissection, abnormal heart rhythms, heart inflammation and enlargement, and blood clots. While we may be able to prevent heart disease by maintaining healthy life styles, there are times where heart disease is unavoidable thanks to genetics and other uncontrollable factors. This is the point where surgeries or medications come into play. There are certain medications that are used, by doctors recommendation and prescription, to help combat heart disease. Those with cardiovascular diseases and lifestyle change does not seem to be enough, a doctor could recommend medication that lowers blood pressure such as beta blockers, blood thinning medication such as aspirin, and cholesterol lowering medications. Those with irregular heartbeats could be recommended by doctors not only to use heart rate slowing or raising medication, but also maybe certain exercises that would help regulate heart rate such as straining while holding their breath, dunking their face in cold water, and coughing. Those born with heart defects can take medication that would help gradually improve the effi ciency of their heart as they get older. Those with heart muscle deterioration could take medication that improve the hearts pumping, or medications that make it easier on the heart to pump blood with less strain such as beta blockers. Those with valvular heart diseases would take medication similar to those with cardiovascular disease, medications that lower cholesterol; thin the blood, with an addition of medications that open blood vessels. There are several different medical procedures people can take in order to prevent and fight heart diseases. During a coronary angiogram, a doctor places a tube in an artery near the heart and puts a dye in the blood, which x-rays detect and show where passages are becoming too narrow. During an angioplasty, a doctor places a tube into an artery and inflates it, so that the artery is expanded, allowing regulation of blood flow and clearing of the passage, also decreasing the chance of another clot. Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy is the inserting of a pace maker into someones heart in order to regulate their heartbeat that may be out of rhythm. Carotid Artery Surgery is when a doctor opens an artery and removes blockage to improve blood flow. Coronary Bypass is when a doctor surgically removes an artery from a part of your body and moves it to your heart in order to give a new passage for blood to flow to it. Valve Surgery is when a weakened, damaged, or diseased heart valve is rep aired, or replaced in order to regulate blood flow during heart contractions.

Osteoporosis and Bone - 1409 Words

Dorothy Nicoll A P 171 Izy Grooms Osmosis: Marissa, Jeremy, and Eleanor Question on front of packet Calcium helps to keep bones strong but just drinking milk doesn’t mean that you won’t get osteoporosis. You may be genetically inclined to get it even though you drink milk every day. There are also many other things that contribute to getting osteoporosis, like not eating enough calcium, doing steroids causes bones to become weak and look like sponges when looking at it under a microscope. Scenarios A,B, and C help to explain that it’s not just the calcium that can cause osteoporosis Scenario A: 1. The skeleton is a metabolically active organ that undergoes continuous remodeling throughout life. Bone remodeling involves the removal†¦show more content†¦Scenario B: 1. It is essential for muscle contraction, but also essential to the structure and health of bones. Bones are continually remodeling and reforming and calcium is a vital part of this process. Without calcium bones can become very thin. Bones are structured to provide strength, protection, and movement. In addition the structure allows the bones to serve as a reservoir for several minerals including calcium because calcium can quickly move between the bone and the blood. 2. Foods high in calcium consist of spinach, kale, okra, collards, soybeans, white beans, some fish (such as sardines, salmon, perch, and rainbow trout), some orange juice, oatmeal and breakfast cereal. 3. Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption in the gut and maintains serum calcium and phosphate concentrations to enable normal mineralization of bone and to prevent hypocalcemia tetany. It is also needed for bone growth and bone remodeling by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Without significant vitamin D bones can become brittle, thin, or misshapen. Vitamin D sufficiency rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Together with calcium and vitamin D also helps protect older adults form osteoporosis. 4. Men and women have different allowances such as men : 19-50 1,000mg 51-71 1,000mg 71- older 1,200mg Women 19-50 1,000mg 51-older 1,200mg And there are also supplements Calcium carbonate (40% of elemental calcium) Calcium citrate (21% elementalShow MoreRelatedOsteoporosis : Bone Loss And Osteoporosis1508 Words   |  7 PagesOsteoporosis: Bone Loss Osteoporosis is a detrimental bone condition, the tissue in the bones deteriorate and thus the bones become progressively brittle which presents a risk for rupture. Osteoporosis impacts more than 44 million Americans and is linked to a suggested 2 million bone fractures each year. According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, the amount of fissures due to osteoporosis may escalate above 3 million by the year 2025. Osteoporosis is typically undetected and advances withRead MoreOsteoporosis Is A Bone Disease906 Words   |  4 Pagesmade great points about osteoporosis in her article. Osteoporosis is a bone disease where bones begin to weaken and get brittle. Bones store calcium to make bones stronger. As we gradually get older the harder it is to absorb calcium is why children should get as much calcium as they can. Once our bones stop developing we can’t absorb calcium as well and over time we will become weaker, which could lead to the development of osteoporosis from having weak bones. Osteoporosis usually affects the vertebraeRead MoreIs Osteoporosis A Bone Disease?1695 Words   |  7 PagesBio 200A - 05 Osteoporosis Introduction: Osteoporosis is a bone disease that is most common in women than in men. To understand this disease is important for us to understand the structure, and the types functions which makeup all of our bones. The structure of a typical bone is as follows. Our body is composed of 206 bones which can be classified as long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. In this research we will be focusing in long bones, and irregular bones. An example ofRead MoreOsteoporosis Is A Condition Of The Bones2641 Words   |  11 PagesOsteoporosis is a condition of the bones, which causes weak bones that break easier. According to the FDA, women are five times more likely to develop osteoporosis than men. Currently, there is no cure for osteoporosis but there are lifestyle changes that you can make to slow it down and medications you can take to build stronger, healthier bones. Osteoporosis can run in families. It occurs when a person does not get enough calcium and vitamin D in the diet, as well as not enough exercise. WomenRead MoreOsteoporosis: bone Mass7865 Words   |  32 PagesOsteoporosis Osteoporosis is a disease of bone that leads to an increased risk of fracture. In osteoporosis the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in bone is altered. Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in women as a bone mineral density 2.5 standard deviations below peak bone mass (20-year-old healthy female average) as measured by DXA; the term established osteoporosis includesRead MoreThe Effects Of Osteoporosis On The Bone Disease1131 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a bone disease that occurs when the body loses too much bone, too little bone, or both. Because of this, bones become weak and may break from a fall, or worse, break from sneezing or minor bumps (National Osteoporosis Foundation). Osteoporosis means â€Å"porous bone†. A healthy bone under a microscope looks like a honeycomb, when osteoporosis is taking place, the holes and spaces in the honeycomb are much larger than in the healthy bone. Bones that are osteoporoticRead MoreOsteoporosis And Low Bone Mass1276 Words   |  6 Pagesover 50 US states have osteoporosis and low bone mass. â€Å"Studies suggest that approximately one in two women and up to one in four men age 50 and older will break a bone due to osteoporosis.† (NOF.org). Our bones are constantly being replaced with new tissue. Osteoporosis occurs when new bone is not replaced fast enough with the removal of old bone. Our bones can become very thin, brittle, and weak as you age which is why Osteoporosis is known as the silent thief. Most bone mass is reached by mid-twentiesRead MoreOsteoporosis : A Progressive Bone Disease1526 Words   |  7 PagesPart 1: Introduction Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease that is characterized by structural deterioration of bone tissue and reduced bone mineral density(BMD). Consequences include increased pain, increased risk of fracture, loss of mobility, and death (Osteoporosis Canada 2014). Of late, there has been renewed interest in the influence of acid-base balance on bone metabolism and the development of osteoporosis. The acid-ash hypothesis suggests that diets that are high in acid-ash(iRead MoreOsteoporosis : A Progressive Bone Disease920 Words   |  4 PagesOsteoporosis Definition. Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease that is characterized by low bone mass along with continuous loss of bone tissue with increased fracture risk. The pathology is multi-factorial and there are several modifiable and non-modifiabale factors that contribute to the development of this disease. According to the World Health Organization, osteoporosis is defined as a systemic skeletal disease illustrated by a decrease in bone mass and bone tissue, causing a decreaseRead MoreOsteoporosis : A Devastating Bone Disease Essay1380 Words   |  6 PagesOsteoporosis is a devastating bone disease in which bones become porous and brittle and are more susceptible to fractures; according to Johnell O and Kanis JA (2006), â€Å"Worldwide, osteoporosis causes more than 8.9 million fractures annually, resulting in an osteoporotic fracture every 3 seconds.† Osteoporosis is the result of several factors including diet and lifestyle choices, age, disease and medications, but t he underlying cause is due to bone loss occurring faster than the body can replace it

Importance of Recreation in Education †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What is the Importance of Recreation in Education? Answer: Introduction: In simple terms the clear meaning of recreation is an activity of leisure, a short period of time in the entire day that is free from any stress or competitive challenges. Studies suggest that positive recreational activities, both indoor and outdoor, fortify the physical and mental health of the children. Incorporating recreational activities in the educational framework fo0r the children has proved to be elemental in generating sense of teamwork, good sportsmanship and cognitive skills (Roth et al. 2016). Moreover if the recreational activities are incorporated within the educational coursework it can provide the students with the opportunity to develop social skills like conflict resolution, cooperation and adjustment. It has to be considered in the rapidly changing world, we need to be very adaptive and participating in recreational activities will ensure that the students learn the art of adaptability from very early in their lives (Granero-Gallegos et al. 2012). The perk of the educational system integrating physical education and recreational activities will ensure that the students are given the opportunity to attain and practice these skills under the supervision of the educator (Lindeman 2015). This report will engage in evaluating the advantages and importance of recreation in the educational framework. The purpose of this report has been to evaluate and analyse the impact of recreation within the educational framework and the research method opted for this research study has been questionnaires and interviews. Findings: Figure showing the statistics of different leisure activities in men and women In the figure it is clear that leisure can be viewed as different dimensions to different demographics. Here it is clear that the leisure is seen as an activity mostly in men and as a state of mind in women. Moreover the graph entails that leisure is attained by engaging in any playful activity is more preferred by the male population that the female and more time for leisure activities is demanded by the men. Figure explains the demand of more recreational hampers in the curriculum. In this investigation, it is clear that the demand of more recreation within the context of educational curriculum has differential expectation. Here it is clear that the men are much more eager about inclusion of more recreational activities within the curriculum where the female students are not very supportive of this idea. Pi chart on the impact of recreational activities on future social skills The pi chart explains the opinion of male and female population on whether the recreational activities have a strong impact on the social skills and behaviour. The figure shows that the 53% of men agree of the fact that participating in the recreational activities has strong impact on developing the social skills however 13% of the men disagree to it. Now the figure also depicts that the 27% of the women subject agreed to the fact and while 7% of it disagreed to it. Analytical discussion: From the data collected it is clear that the male and female population have a differential view on the need and impact of recreation. From the first data set depicted in the figure 1, the men see recreational activities as an activity needing more time to play more where as for the majority of women recreation is a state of mind, to provide relaxation from the stressful activities of the day. Moreover the significant impact of recreational activities on the personal and social development has been supported by the men more than the women. Hence it is clear that the male students are more favourable of more recreational activities in the educational sector. A contributing factor to this can be the fact that the male students are more comfortable with participating in the recreational activities to relieve the stress and develop social skills while the female population refrain from active participation and seek leisure as a relieving state of mind from the stress and anxiety (Roth et al. 2016). Hence, including more recreational activities in the curriculum will encourage the female students to participate more in the outdoor activities and will also help the students generate different social skills to contribute to excellent personal development. The negative impact of too much focus on recreation can neglect the educational needs of the students (Michalos 2012). There is need for more extensive research to determine how the emphasis on recreation can impact the educational practices and whether the extra emphasis on the leisure activities can become detrimental to the educational development. Conclusion: On a concluding note it can be stated that education and recreation have equal and equivalent needs in the lives of students. Any misbalance in the emphasis on both this factors can become detrimental for the personal and professional development. Hence there is need for more extensive research to elicit more information on the impact of recreation on education and life in general to arrive at a more accurate and impact judgment. References: Granero-Gallegos, A., Baena-Extremera, A., Prez-Quero, F.J., Ortiz-Camacho, M.M. and Bracho-Amador, C., 2012. Analysis of motivational profiles of satisfaction and importance of physical education in high school adolescents.Journal of Sports Science and Medicine,11(4), pp.614-623. Lindeman, E.C., 2015.The meaning of adult education. Ravenio Books. Michalos, A.C., 2012.Global Report on Student Well-Being: Volume IV: Religion, Education, Recreation, and Health. Springer Science Business Media. Roth, K., Zittel, L., Pyfer, J. and Auxter, D., 2016.Principles and Methods of Adapted Physical Education Recreation. Jones Bartlett Publishers.

Organisational HR Resourcing Organizational Strategy

Question: Describe about the HR Resourcing Strategy in Organisations? Answer: Background of Organization Organizational strategy Starbucks tries to implement the product improvement strategy by creating well suited product line. They also implement lean techniques for achieving operational excellence (Thompson and Lonnie 1999). They also implement staff development through training and even implemented the quality services to customers. Objectives Starbucks objective is to open 50 outlets in less than 4 years, and gain market share by 75%. They are also working on creating brand awareness (Alfie 1993). Mission To set up Starbuck as best supplier of finest coffee all over world through maintaining unbending principles Values To create warmth culture To act with full courage and give challenge to status quo To connect with respect, dignity and transparency Environment Industry Starbucks operate and compete in coffee retail industry. Due to economic crisis, consumer spending got less on luxury items and they select to purchase low price goods, instead of high price coffee. Coffee industry grew with low yearly growth of 0.9% in 2008-2013 by present revenue of $29 billion in the United States. Its forecasted that it might increase by 3.9% in coming 5 years (Talloo 2008). Business life cycle Coffee retail industry is mature, and Starbucks has more than 60% of market share that gives them power in determining trends of industry (Talloo 2008). US coffee and Snacks retail market share Industry Structure Current Reward and pay strategies Starbucks rewards are its bonus that is achieved through goals achieved, partner discounts, store discount and tuition assistance (Frey and Margit 2002). Their bonus is also based on sales, shrinkage inventory, as well as controllable expenses. They also give bonuses based on performance (Vroom 1964). References: Alfie, K. 1993. Rewards verses learning: A response to Paul Chance. Phi Delta Kappan, 74, pp. 783 787 Frey, B.S. and Margit, O. 2002. Successful management by motivation: balancing intrinsic and extrinsic incentives. Germany: Springer-Verlag Berlin Talloo, T.J. 2008. Business Organisation Management. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Thompson, J.R. and Lonnie, A. J. 1999. Student resource: Starbucks Corporation. Strategic management, 11th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Vroom, V.H. 1964. Work and Motivation. New York: Wiley.

The Mirror By Sylvia Plath Essays - Barbie Films, Barbie

The Mirror by Sylvia Plath There is a noticeable comparison between the poem "The Mirror" By Sylvia Plath & the article "Barbie" that appeared in the Newsday Tuesday November 18, 1997. The comparison is about how people look, and how society could reflect how you may feel about your looks. In the poem "The Mirror" it tells about a lady who dislikes the way she looks. She thinks of herself as being ugly. In the article it tells how Mattel (the makers of Barbie) want to change the looks & features of Barbie. The reason for wanting to change the looks is because the makers of Barbie made Barbie to pretty. Compared to normal people. Now being pretty is not a bad thing. But for little girls growing up they may feel like they want to look like Barbie. Barbie is very skinny and has a great face. So little girls may stop eating or doing other things, so they could look like Barbie. But it wont happen, Barbie is a doll. People are real not Barbie dolls. In the poem it shows how the lady wants to be pretty. So the lady takes short cuts to make her self look better to her self. Such as being in a candle lit rooms. But when the lady is in a regular lit room she becomes ugly to her self again. The reason Mattel is changing the appearance of Barbie is because little girls impact on the way society looks upon them. And this could hurt somones self esteem, and could damage the way someone looks upon ones self. In the poem the girl tries to make her self prettier, by creating artificial pretty ness. But in the end the mirror never lies. The poem & the article compare about how the way people look ad feel, and how society has a role on their lives.

Louis Armstrongs Influential Career Essays - Louis Armstrong

Louis Armstrong's Influential Career Essays - Louis Armstrong Louis Armstrong's Influential Career Louis Armstrongs Influential Career Louis Armstrong was the most successful and talented jazz musician in history. His influence and expansive career continues to make waves in the jazz world. That is what made him become what he is to many today a legend. Born on August 4, 1901, in the poorest section of New Orleans, Armstrong grew up with his grandparents due to his parents separation. On January 1, 1913 he made a mistake which turned out to be the best thing that ever happened to him. At a New Years celebration in downtown New Orleans, Louis Armstrong, also known as Satchmo and Satch, fired a pistol into the air and was placed in the Colored Waifs Home. It was there that he was introduced to Peter Davis the brass band leader who taught him how to play the cornet (Brown 17). Soon after he began playing, Armstrong was made leader of the band something he was extremely proud of. In June of 1914, Armstrong was free to leave the Waifs Home. He was hired by various cabarets throughout the city, as well as for picnics, dances, and funerals. It was at one of these places that he was spotted by the famous Joe King Oliver. King Oliver found Armstrong stand-in slots at orchestras and other venues. In 1918, he was offered the vacant seat left by Oliver in the band the Brown Skinned Babies. Kid Ory, leader of the band, once said that after Louis joined them he, improved so fast it was amazing. He had a wonderful ear and a wonderful memory. All you had to do was hum or whistle a new tune to him and hed know it right away (Boujut 21). At the end of 1918 Armstrong married Daisy Parker, a prostitute he had met at a dance hall that he played on Saturday nights. The marriage ended only four years later due to her beating him regularly (Bergreen 87). Louis Armstrong was hired in May of 1919 to play on a riverboat that traveled the Mississippi River from New Orleans to St. Louis. Armstrong soon became very popular in St. Louis and was in high demand (Collier 124). Two and a half years later, he was thrown off the riverboat and fired due to a fight. After returning to New Orleans, he received a telegram from King Oliver in Chicago. It was an invitation to join The Creole Jazz Band an offer Armstrong couldnt refuse. The Jazz Band cut its first record in the spring of 1923 and toured throughout Illinois, Ohio, and Indiana (Hadlock 64). A year later Armstrong married Lil Hardin, the pianist in the band. He soon grew tired of playing in Chicago and left Olivers band to head for New York City. When Armstrong reached the City and began playing everyone went wild. No where had they ever heard anything like him. Before this time, he had only played instruments but he was soon encouraged to begin singing. It was then discovered that Armstrong had a natural extension of his trumpet abilities, which was singing. His gravelly voice was something new that had never been heard (Sadie 600). Armstrong formed a studio band in 1925 called the Hot Five. The band included Johnny Dodds, Kid Ory, John St. Cyr, Lil Armstrong, and himself. These recordings were some of the most famous made by Armstrong, including Mandy Make Up Your Mind and Money Blues (Bergreen 96). A year later the Hot Five made their only public appearance at the Chicago Coliseum. The Chicago Defender spoke of Louis Armstrong, the miracle with steel lips, (Boujut 27). For the next few years Armstrong recorded with the Hot Five and played with other musicians in New York and Chicago. He then traveled to California, in July of 1930, where he starred in his first film, Flame. Only after he had been in California for a few weeks he was arrested at a nightclub for the possession of marijuana. The incident obviously caused a lot of controversy across the world. The sentence, six months in prison, was suspended after only three days. Mainly due to Armstrongs addiction to marijuana, Lil separated from him and

The Liberation Day of Kuwait Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Liberation Day of Kuwait - Essay Example Iraq, under the command of Saddam Hussein, invaded Kuwait with the aim of annexing Kuwait and taking over her oilfields. Saddam’s argument was that even before independence from Great Britain in1961; Kuwait should have been Iraqis territory; in addition, he claimed Kuwait did not adhere to agreed oil quota (Khadduri and Ghareeb164). Under the instructions of Saddam Hussein, Iraqi troops invaded Kuwait and occupied some areas. The United Nations (UN) called for the withdrawal of these troops, but this failed to take place. UN forces anchored by American forces began an air bombardment on Iraqis capital Baghdad. Later, they followed this up with the ground incursions; this had the effect of forcing the withdrawal of Iraqi forces from neighboring Kuwait. Looting, plundering and damage of Kuwaitis oil infrastructure by the fleeing Iraqi troops took place (Khadduri and Ghareeb 171). This paper looks into the various ways Kuwaitis commemorate this day in 2011. With the above facts i n mind, it becomes necessary to look into the activities of the day held in pomp and color by the citizens and government. The celebrations in Kuwait city on the 20th eve of this day in 2011 were visible everywhere one went. In an interview, with a man in his 40’s, he recounts how as a youth, he helped to load and unload food and other supplies for the soldiers with former friends. As the patriarch of the house, he helped decorate the house in red, green, and white; the colors of the Kuwait flag. Equally, the hoisting of flags was visible across the streets in his neighborhood. As a national holiday, most people are at home the youth also experienced these celebrations in the neighborhoods through organized football tournaments. Surprisingly, the Imam of the local mosque also gathered some youths in the mosque. The attendance was satisfactory despite being a Saturday, he recounted and emphasized the importance of the day and led in praying for peace. The idea that a Sunni pre sident would attack a neighboring Sunni state seemed incomprehensible to the youth. Nevertheless, this remains a historical reminder of the atrocities that can be committed by power hungry leaders. Significance placed on the day by even religious clerics highlights this. The media fraternity equally celebrated; Kuwait national television and the national broadcaster carried stories of triumphs over the invasion. Qatar based Al jazerra TV equally featured the celebration of this day as one of its main stories. The social networking sites were abuzz with best wishes for state of Kuwait, remembrance of the martyrs of this day and the Kuwaitis held captives in Iraqi jails. The military parade was an impressive sight. The invitation included various leaders from countries that helped liberate Kuwait. This parade also included the 50th anniversary of the independence of Kuwait from being a British protectorate. Various armies of Arab states including Saudi Arabia also marched. Fighter jet s provided a beautiful spectacle of white, green and red smoke symbolizing the national flag. The president of Iraq Jalal Talabani a Kurdish leader was also in attendance, showing there was no animosity between the two neighboring countries. As is customary in celebrations, in Kuwait, ‘Machboos’, (commonly being chicken, fish and beef with rice) serving was carried out in large trays. All family members gathered together at lunch time with coffee mainly served to

Pollution in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Pollution in the UK - Essay Example This paper efficaciously delineates the issues concerned with the pollution in the United Kingdom, along with the problems encountered by the councils to combat them. Moreover, this paper talks about pertinent measures to be undertaken by the authorities of UK in order to transform the society in to a healthy and sustainable place to reside. The Department of Environment, Transport and other Regions states that clean air is a fundamental component of a good eminence of life and people have the authority to expect that the air they take in will not be harmful to them (Report, 2000). Post the haze issue of the mid-twentieth century, the British government has put in tremendous effort in to the management of air quality, which has resulted in substantial reduction of pollution in the UK, in comparison to other countries of the world. Nevertheless, there is still a lot of work to be done so as to uphold and improvise the quality of air. According to the ENDS Report, one of the key steps forward in the enhancement of the quality of air, thereby, reducing pollution was the Environment Act which introduced an incorporated structure with regards to the handling of national as well as local air pollution having its basal on the health-based norms (ENDS Report, 1997). Moreover, it also marked the budge of a source-centralized app roach to the one which concentrated on the reduction of exposure. As a point in fact, the central role was handed over to the local authorities and they were expected to forecast whether pollution would possibly tend to transcend the air quality norms by the year 2005, thereby, outlining the strategies to lessen the concentrations in chief places. According to Xing, it is a hard fact to study that time is running out for the local authorities to keep up with the objectives of pollution under the regime of Local Air Quality Management or LAQM (Xing, 2004). There are only a handful of councils with top pollution grades which have generated action strategies to address the problems of reduction of pollution. Other than the councils which face the difficulties of attaining the objectives on time, there are various councils of smaller conurbations which also require an appreciable exercise of the air quality management in order to preserve the health of environment and people. As a resul t, the upshot of this research would provide us with a good example to manage the intricacies and facilitate the smaller cities to learn from various experiences as well. Problems faced by Councils in managing Pollution The influence of urban areas on the environment is quite substantial for the reason that

Strawberries Attributes and Promotion Strategies Research Paper

Strawberries Attributes and Promotion Strategies - Research Paper Example What image do you currently have in regards to strawberries? What are the positive and negative aspects of this image? 2. What features or attributes do you consider when choosing whether to purchase strawberries and why these features? 3. In what situations do people eat strawberries? 4. Why do you think some people do not purchase strawberries? What then would motivate them to purchase strawberries? 5. Are people willingly ready to purchase a punnet of strawberries? Do you always buy in punnets? And how often? 6. What values do you have in regards to eating strawberries? Do you think these values can attract other customers to eat strawberries? Respondent one I love strawberries. They are sweet and healthy for the body. My children love them also. Otherwise people do not eat the fruit because of the organic foods being introduced all over. The attributes I look for I the oduor of the fruit and its size. The fruit should have a sweet aroma and should be just ripe. I often buy berrie s that also well packaged by the local industries. People tend more often to eat strawberries during picnics and as a fruit at home. I always carry some during picnics. Some people tend to have different desires for fruits. I think some just dislike the fruit, the price is not consumer friendly or they eat it in other form like wines and jams. I think it is wise to create awareness of benefits of eating the fresh whole fruit in matters of health. Otherwise advertising would go a long way in achieving this and free samples. People always purchase punnets of berries. Personally I do that all the time. I value the health benefits of this fruit. Research has shown that it helps in fighting cancer and has a lot of nutrients. I think people should be made aware of this value. I believe it can change the whole outlook of strawberries. Respondent two I do eat strawberries as a fruit. I however, prefer other types of fruits. The strawberries are quite expensive compare to maybe eating a bana na. I look for big bunches that are freshly packaged; Plus of course the price of the entire package. People eating strawberries anytime at work, leisure, breakfast. Personally I eat them over lunch time. I think they don’t like the fruit otherwise the price is not as high as to discourage consumption. Otherwise with the issue of inorganic and organic foods they may also have had an issue. To motivate them to buy, promotions with free samples etc. should be done. People always buy punnets of strawberries. I value the fresh fruit in matters of nutrient content plus it is a good way to maintain weight. Respondent three I love strawberries because they are good for my health. I always smell the fruit; I read the package plus am very conscious regards to inorganic fruits. I prefer locally produced. During picnics, breakfast, lunchtime. People do not always purchase them because they do not understand the benefits of strawberries. Irregardless of the price I think the benefits out weigh the cost. People always buy them in punnets. I do that every day. I value the health benefits plus the taste of the strawberries. They look so good and taste so good. Health promotion should be done in regards to strawberries. Respondent four Strawberries are just fruits like any other fruit. I don’t consume it so often because of the upcoming brands of inorganic foods in the market. I check for locally produced strawberries that are fresh. During

Counselling and Therapy for Different Personality Types

Counselling and Therapy for Different Personality Types Active Suggestive Therapy View of Human Nature In the world, everyone is unique. They usually differ on the basis of family in which they grew up and the values, culture, unique experiences and the perceptions they have about their circumstances. I agree with the view of Adler that a persons perception of the past and interpretation of early events influence their behaviours (Corey, 2005). According to Albert Ellis, the belief is that we contribute to our own problems and by this way; we interpret events and situations (Corey, 2005). The basic hypothesis of REBT is that our emotions stem mainly from our beliefs, evaluations, interpretations, and reaction to lifes situations (Corey, 2005, p. 272). Behaviour is learned. Cognitive behaviour therapy states that during childhood we learn our irrational beliefs form others (Corey, 2005). As it is learned, so I believe that we can learn new ways of thinking and behaving. All humans have free will. Adler also supports that the concept of a creative force enables people to make their own decisions and develop their own opinions (Oberst Stewart, 2003). Albert Ellis says that we can learn to control our emotions by avoiding irrational beliefs (Ellis MacLaren, 2005). I agree with Adler that the people are social, creative and can make their own decisions (Corey, 2005). I also believe that people also have certain limitations. I believe that biology and genetics play a role in our behaviour and that we are predisposed to some types of mental illnesses. I believe that some forms of depression like extreme anxiety, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia can be the result of genetics or a chemical imbalance in the brain. Arnold Lazarus, the founder of multimodal therapy states that when any doubts arise about the probable involvement of biological factors, it is imperative to have them investigated (Lazarus, 1997, p. 28). I agree with William Glasser that we have basic needs. He stated that we have the need for survival, love and belonging, power and achievement, freedom or independence, and fun that drive our lives (Corey, 2005). These needs relate to some of the concepts of Adler. The need for love and belonging goes along with Adlers concept of social interest and community feeling. The need for power and achievement is similar to Adlers concept of striving for significance and superiority. Theoretical Orientation Multimodal therapy Multimodal therapy creates interests because of the concept of technical eclecticism†. It states that the therapist uses a collection of techniques from many approaches and from different theories of therapy (Corey, 2005). I like this approach because Arnold Lazaruss concept of the seven major areas of personality is made up of BASIC ID (Corey, 2005). These are behaviour, affect, sensation, imagery, cognition, interpersonal, and drugs/biology (Lazarus, 1997). It looks at behaviour and addressing self-defeating actions, emotions and reactions; sensory complaints, such as tension and pain; fantasies and images, flashbacks; the persons attitudes, values, beliefs, and opinions; aspects involving relationship with others; and the health of the individual including medical conditions, sleep, exercise, diet, use of drugs, etc. (Lazarus, 1997). The reason why it appeals to me is that it explores many different aspects of our well-being that can affect our mental health. This type of therapy appeals to me because it uses concrete tests to simplify the process of therapy and get to the problem in an efficient way. The problem identified in the Multimodal Life History Inventory encourages the therapist and client to focus on specific problems; it helps to set goals for treatment (Lazarus, 1997). The multimodal assessment coincides with my view of human nature, as it implies that we are social beings who move, feel, sense, imagine, and think, and that at base we are biochemical-neurophysiologic entities (Lazarus, 1997, p. 3). This theory is brief and effective, which is very important in todays society with insurance issues. Lazarus states that perhaps one would agree that effective therapy depends far less on the hours you put in than on what you put into those hours (Lazarus, 1997, p. 6). This theory puts the emphasis on breadth more than depth. This theory applies to the unique needs and problems of the client. Lazarus says, In my estimation, we need bespoke therapy – methods that are carefully tailored and custom-made (Lazarus, 1997, p. 16). The multimodal method uses several methods to find out what the problems are and the strategies to find out what treatments fit uniquely with each client. It is very flexible and open. Multimodal therapy has clear goals for therapy and focuses on current issues. It starts out with an initial interview, after this the client takes the Multi-Modal Life History Inventory and uses it to draw up a Modality Profile that lists the complaints and the areas of treatment that should be addressed (Lazarus, 1997). I like the systemic approach because there is a logical pattern to follow in order to find out the problem. Many therapies spend too much time just trying to figure out the problem, which can increase the number of sessions. Other Theories Some aspects of other theories that I would like to integrate when using multimodal and Adlerian therapy include some of the concepts from psychoanalytic therapy, such as ego defense mechanisms and Ericksons psychosocial stages of development. I can see the benefit of exploring defense mechanisms and seeing how they play a role in behaviour. Ericksons stages of development are a good framework for understanding development (Corey, 2005). REBT therapy is behaviour therapy, as is multimodal therapy. The A-B-C theory of personality is a concept that I would integrate with multimodal therapy. It is a common sense approach to show people how they can change their irrational beliefs into rational belief. It assists clients in recognizing their self-defeating thoughts, particularly the absolutist thoughts, such as the shoulds, musts, and oughts (Corey, 2005). With person-centered, I would like to draw on the empathetic relationship aspect of this type of therapy. The use of the concept of unconditional positive self-regard is essential. Adler describes social interest in terms of empathic understanding. Adler sums it by saying, To see with the eyes of another, to hear with the ears of another, to feel with the heart of another (Ansbacher Ansbacher, 1956, p. 135). Reality therapy is a lot like multimodal and Adlerian therapies in that it is directive, active and educational. The five basic needs of survival, i.e. love and belonging, power and achievement, freedom or independence, and fun is something that I would integrate into my own therapy (Corey, 2005). Some aspects of solution-focused therapy and narrative therapy appeal to me. Solution-focused therapy takes on a positive and optimistic view of the future and looks for what is working. I would use the three questions of solution-focused therapy; the exception question, the miracle question, and the scaling question (Corey, 2005). Narrative therapy is similar to Adlers concept of early recollections. This is a very interesting form of therapy and I would like to learn a lot more about it. I would like to take some of the aspects also of Asian therapy, such as aromatherapy and creating an atmosphere of relaxation. Multicultural Therapy It is extremely important to consider differences in culture when engaging in therapy with a client. Adler focuses on the person in their environment, allowing exploration of cultural issues. Behaviour therapys focus is on behaviour rather than feelings, which can be compatible with many cultures (Corey, 2005). Adlerian Therapy The concepts of Adlerian therapy state about social interest, birth orders and sibling relationships, fictions, and early recollections. Adlerian counselors educate clients in new ways of looking at their lives. The process of therapy used by me would be to foster social interest, which would help the clients to overcome the feelings of discouragement and inferiority, modify their lifestyle, assisting clients in feeling a sense of equality and help people to be contributing members of society (Corey, 2005). The four phases of the therapeutic process are a part of Adlerian therapy that I would integrate with other methods. These are establishing a proper therapeutic relationship, doing a Lifestyle Assessment, encouragement and insight into purpose, and reorientation and education (Corey, 2005). The Adlerian concept of the five basic mistakes people make developed by Mosak is of interest to me. These are overgeneralization, false and impossible goals, misperceptions of life and lifes demands, denial or minimization of ones worth, and faulty values (Corey, 2005). This is very similar to the core irrational belief concept used in REBT. The core irrational beliefs are awfulizing and I-cant-stand its over generalizing, jumping to conclusions, focusing on the negative, disqualifying the positive, minimizing good things, personalizing, phoneyism, and perfectionism (Lazarus, 1997). Therapist/Client Relationship The importance of the therapeutic relationship varies among different types of therapy. Some therapies focus on the personal relationship as crucial to therapy while other therapies do not give so much emphasis on the relationship. The importance of the therapist/client relationship in relation to my philosophy is that it is important, but is not the central focus. I agree with Adlers view on joint responsibility between the client and the therapist (Corey, 2005). My focus as a therapist is to engage the client in a learning process and to act as a teacher and consultant. I agree that there needs to be empathy and positive self-regard for the clients who want to change. The relationship needs to be a good working relationship. Encouragement from the therapist is essential. Two major theories that I am going to discuss in regards of the therapist/client relationship are cognitive behaviour therapy and person-centered therapy. With person-centered therapy, the main focus is on the relationship. It is the primary focus of therapy. Rogers emphasizes the attitudes and personal characteristics of the therapist and the quality of the client-therapist relationship as the prime determinants of the outcomes of therapy (Corey, 2005, p.85). With cognitive behaviour therapy, the therapist functions as a teacher and is highly directive. The relationship is important, but not as important as in the person-centered therapy. The success of cognitive behaviour therapy depends on certain characteristics of the therapist, such as warmth, accurate empathy, nonjudgmental acceptance, trust and rapport with the client (Corey, 2005). Both theories rely on the concept of unconditional positive self-regard and empathetic listening. The caring is unconditional; it is not contaminated by evaluation or judgment of the clients feelings, thoughts, and behaviour as good or bad (Corey, 2005, p. 172). Cognitive therapy describes it as unconditional acceptance. Ellis states that, In addition to modeling unconditional acceptance for your client, it is vital that you actively teach the theory and practice of unconditional self-acceptance (USA) and unconditional other acceptance (UOA) (Ellis MacLaren, 2005, p. 85). Therapeutic Techniques Specific techniques that I would use come from multimodal therapy, REBT, and Adlerian therapy. With multimodal therapy technique, I would use the Multimodal Life History Inventory. The Multimodal Life History Inventory is a 15-page questionnaire used for problem identification and patient history pertaining to the seven major areas of personality, or the BASIC ID, which I described earlier in the paper (Corey, 2005). I would also use bridging, which is used when clients do not want to talk about their feelings. The bridging technique consists of entering the clients preferred mode (cognitions) and then, asking about a different (presumably more neutral) modality (e.g., imagery, or sensations) (Lazarus, 1997, p. 48). The Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire would be a technique I would use when working with couples, which covers major areas of concern that most couples have. These concerns include communication, sex, money, togetherness, friendship, parenting, etc. (Lazarus, 1997). Some specific techniques that I would use from REBT are disputing of irrational beliefs which would include the REBT Self-Help Form, humor, rational-emotive imagery, role playing, homework and educational materials. (Corey, 2005). Adlerian techniques I would use are the Lifestyle Assessment, early recollections and The Question (Corey, 2005). I like the concept of The Question. It is a subjective question of, How would you like your life to be different, and what would you do differently, if you did not have this symptom or problem (Corey, 2005). This is very similar to the miracle question in solution-focused therapy. Early recollection techniques ask the client to talk about their earliest memories. Early recollections use an assessment tool to see how clients feel about themselves and others, in order to discover the clients strengths and assets (Corey, 2005). In contrast, cognitive behavioural techniques focus on tailoring the therapy to suit the individual and focus on changing the thinking patterns and behaviour of the client. There are several techniques available to use with this theory. With existential therapy and person-centered therapy, very few techniques are used. A history of the client, questioning and probing, and testing are not used in person-centered therapy or existential therapy, whereas in cognitive therapy it is the basis for the therapy. Existential therapy does not appeal to me because it is not technique oriented and there is a lack of direction from the counselor. As far as similarities between the person-centered technique and cognitive behaviour therapy are concerned, I really do not see any. They are completely different types of therapies. Self-Awareness As far as my strengths as a therapist are concerned, I am very insightful and in tune with how people are feeling. I am not afraid to be myself as a therapist. Realizing my imperfections, I do not feel that I need to be perfect in my style of counseling. Trustworthiness is essential to me regarding my role as a therapist. Listening is one of my strong points. Realizing my limitations and accepting the fact that I will not be able to help every client or get along with every client, it is important that I refer them to seek help from another counselor. Boundaries are crucial in the therapy setting. Taking on the responsibility of the clients obligation is something that I would be very aware of and try to avoid. Something that I would like to add to my role as a therapist and something that I feel very strongly about is the role of spirituality. Incorporating clients religious and spiritual beliefs in the counseling process is important, and I feel it needs to be addressed. Regarding my limitations as a therapist, I tend to give people advice and I need to be careful with this. It will be difficult for me to deal with certain types of clients. I would not be able to work with sex offenders, pedophiles, abusive men or severely mentally ill patients. Helping people who do not want to be helped is also a difficult issue for me. I would need to learn some techniques on how to deal with this problem. At times, I like to tell my own story and share my own experiences in an attempt to show others how my experiences have affected me. Getting off track in thinking that this would be helpful to the client is something I need to be aware of. I still question my ability as a counselor and feel I have not had enough classes to make this judgment yet. Conclusion In concluding the paper, I realize the importance of trying to find my own unique style. Finding what fits with my personality and what I feel comfortable with is a thing that will make me a competent therapist. Cognitive behavioural therapy (multimodal and REBT) and Adlerian therapy are concepts I want to work with, and I would like to do more reading and research into these theories in order to learn more about the processes and techniques used. Learning about the variety of theories, the techniques used, the goals of therapy and view of human nature has really opened my eyes to the vast amount of information about the theories of psychology. The reason I called my theory active suggestive therapy is that I want to take an active role as a therapist and make therapy a learning process. I would like to make suggestions to clients on how they can deal with their problems and offer concrete ways of learning that they can apply outside of therapy. Some would say that suggestions would be giving advice, but I feel that it would be beneficial to some clients. The suggestions are presented in a way as to make the client feel responsible and active in coming up with a plan on how to use the suggestions given. This class has given me a well-rounded view of the theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. References Ansbacher, H. L. Ansbacher, R. R. (1956). The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler. New York: Harper Perennial. Corey, G. (2005). Student Manual: Theory and Practice of Counseling Psychotherapy (7th Edition, p. 85). California: Brooks/Cole Corey, G. (2005). Theory and Practice of Counseling Psychotherapy (7th ed.). California: Brooks/Cole. Ellis, A. MacLaren, C. (2005). Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy: A Therapists Guide (2nd Edition). California: Impact Publishers. Lazarus, A. A. (1997). Brief but Comprehensive Psychotherapy: The Multimodal Way. New York: Springer Publishing Company. Oberst, U. E. Stewart, A. E. (2003). Adlerian Psychology: An Advanced Approach Individual Psychology. New York: Routeledge.

I Hate Shopping Essay -- Personal Narrative, essay about myself

Sometimes feel that I am not a normal woman. Most women enjoy going from one store to another, looking for a blouse, only to go back to the first store to get the blouse they looked at first. I hate shopping. Shopping wastes my time, wastes my energy, and, if I do the typical woman routine, wastes my money. So, do not ask me to go to the mall for the evening because I will respectfully decline. I hate shopping. Â   I hate to be in the shoe department of a store. It seems that I always have to wait for the salesperson who is waiting on Mrs. Shoe Queen. She is trying on twenty pairs while I impatiently pace the carpet to threads. This is what I mean by shopping is a waste of time. I, on the other hand, know what I want to purchase before I leave the house. My steps for shopping are: first, make a list; second, go directly to the item; and finally, go straight to the cash register. By following this simple plan, no extra time is wasted in my shopping adventures. Â   Not only my time is in demand, and I try to use it wisely, but my energy is limited. I ...

How America’s Foreign Policy Shaped Essay

Foreign policy determines how America conducts relations with other countries. It is designed to further certain goals, and to ensure America’s security and defense. Originally American foreign policy was based isolationism; however, as the United States began to become more powerful, its foreign policy evolved. Through the 19th century, America concentrated on creating a nation that spanned the continent, and it avoided foreign entanglements. Once industrialized and more prosperous, it began looking for foreign markets and colonies. Dollar diplomacy was one strategy used to increase American Influence abroad. In addition to the need to exert more influence in foreign affairs for political reasons, Americans had a belief that their own cultural, moral, and racial superiority justified an increased global involvement. This can also be referred to as the Whiteman’s burden. The late nineteenth century to the 1920s can generally be described as a change of the United States from a very regional power, to a dominant world power. This shift began with the Spanish-American war. This war gave the United States, for the first time, an overseas empire. This war was also a fulfillment of the U.S aim of the Monroe Doctrine, which was that the U.S should secure the western hemisphere of colonial European rivalry which could infringe on U.S economic and political interests. This is one of the reasons why the U.S went to war against Spain, to kick the Spanish out of nearby Cuba. Along with the threats to America from Central America, and Cuba, trouble was brewing over seas in Europe during the early 20th century. When WWI began, the U.S proclaimed a policy of strict neutrality. However, due to unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmermann Note, Wilson went to congress calling for a declaration of war on Germany. After being victorious in war, Wilson hoped to revolutionize the conduct of international affairs. He came up with the Fourteen Points, which attempted to restore territories occupied during car, eliminate imperialism, trade restrictions, secret treaties, and to set up global organization to prevent future wars. In addition to the Fourteen Points, the Dawes Plan was also enacted. This plan made the U.S banks lend money to Germany so that Germany could meet its reparation payments to countries such as France and United Kingdom. These countries in return, used these payments to service their war debts to the United States. I believe the most significant foreign policy development, is the transition from isolationist nation to an imperial power, as well as the rapid change from a conservative to progressive government, helped to shape America to be what it is today. At the dawn of the 20th century, the United States was in the midst of industrialization. But because the U.S was a different continent from Europe, it desired not to get involved in any of the entanglements of the European nations. However, due to the need for foreign markets to feed the industrial growth, foreign outreach was becoming a necessary evil, and the U.S needed to develop a less isolationist foreign policy.

Free Essays on Apple

One of the most innovative and exciting fields in our current society is the PC industry. In the last thirty years, the computer industry has developed at an astounding rate- nearly two out of three people over the age of 18 in the US either own or have access to a computer on a regular basis. This incredible invention, however, is the result of inauspicious beginnings and inept primary marketing by one of the most successful manufacturers of personal computers- Apple. Despite disastrous losses in the 80s and 90s to their main competitor, IBM, Apple recently re-vamped the entire company- focusing on marketing and product developmentand introduced the iMac in 1998- the most successful personal computer launch ever. Despite this success, the rapid rate of development within the computer industry indicates that Apple must analyze their previous marketing techniques in order to maintain the high level of success achieved in the late twentieth century. The PC was invented on April Fool’s Day in 1976. The two inventors, Steven Jobs and Stephan Wozniak, were working out of a garage and possessed very little knowledge of the importance of marketing in successful product production and distribution. They were primarily interested in their products- showing â€Å"little concern for its markets.† The introduction of IBM in 1981, however, was a strong wakeup call for the unprofessional company- forcing them into competition against strong and well-managed opponents. For several years after IBM launched its first PC, it dominated the market- focusing on a synergistic relationship with Microsoft. After hearing the dire predictions regarding the probability of Apple surviving IBM domination, Steven Jobs realized that professional marketing help was vital. John Scully, a professional in marketing, concluded that Apple desperately needed a keen update on its marketing-product strategies. The resulting solution consisted of diffe... Free Essays on Apple Free Essays on Apple Apple In past years, Apple was on a downward spiral, but now the Mac is back on the right track. The interim CEO Steve Jobs has brought them from expected quarterly loses to now, first quarter net income of some 150 millions dollars. The question still remains, is Apple back to stay? With the Windows driven world of today, can Apple assert them self to claim market share? Apple’s stunning new hardware, user-friendly operating system, and drive for incredible new technology, will not only compare Apple to traditional PC and software maker but will stun the rest of the computer world along the way. On July 21, 1999, PC Data released a report stating the iMac, Apple’s entry level personal computer, was the best selling retail and mail order computer in the month of June. There are a number of different reasons why this computer beat out all other PC’s on the market. One reason is the new and exciting colors the iMac is being offered in. Instead of the traditio nal color, beige, being offered by Dell or Gateway, the iMac comes in strawberry, blueberry, grape, tangerine and lime. Another feature for the iMac is the speed of the computer compared to the computers in its class. According to the BYTEmark integer test, the 333- MHz G3 processor in the iMac is almost twice as fast as the 500-MHz Intel Pentium III found in professional computers found today. The iMac is not the only computer offered by Apple. They have a line of professional personal computers called the G3 series. These computers are the fastest personal computers on the market today, beating other computers such as the Gateway 550-MHz Pentium III PC. Another main reason the iMac is such a big success and Apple in general is coming back is their operating system called the MacOS. Its number one feature is its user-friendliness. Apple computers such as the iMac are called plug-and-play computers. This means you plug a device into your computer, like a zip drive, ... Free Essays on Apple One of the most innovative and exciting fields in our current society is the PC industry. In the last thirty years, the computer industry has developed at an astounding rate- nearly two out of three people over the age of 18 in the US either own or have access to a computer on a regular basis. This incredible invention, however, is the result of inauspicious beginnings and inept primary marketing by one of the most successful manufacturers of personal computers- Apple. Despite disastrous losses in the 80s and 90s to their main competitor, IBM, Apple recently re-vamped the entire company- focusing on marketing and product developmentand introduced the iMac in 1998- the most successful personal computer launch ever. Despite this success, the rapid rate of development within the computer industry indicates that Apple must analyze their previous marketing techniques in order to maintain the high level of success achieved in the late twentieth century. The PC was invented on April Fool’s Day in 1976. The two inventors, Steven Jobs and Stephan Wozniak, were working out of a garage and possessed very little knowledge of the importance of marketing in successful product production and distribution. They were primarily interested in their products- showing â€Å"little concern for its markets.† The introduction of IBM in 1981, however, was a strong wakeup call for the unprofessional company- forcing them into competition against strong and well-managed opponents. For several years after IBM launched its first PC, it dominated the market- focusing on a synergistic relationship with Microsoft. After hearing the dire predictions regarding the probability of Apple surviving IBM domination, Steven Jobs realized that professional marketing help was vital. John Scully, a professional in marketing, concluded that Apple desperately needed a keen update on its marketing-product strategies. The resulting solution consisted of diffe...

Free Essays on Moshing

Pro and con Arguments concerning Mosh pitting and Crowd surfing†¦ Pro- Mosh pitting is a vital part of Heavy Metal and Rock and Roll genre. At live concerts and shows, youths repeatedly engage in the phenomenon known as Mosh pitting. In the Mosh Pit, the people who enter engage in â€Å"rough house,† as they show their self expression through this act of tough dance. They bump each other and some people even crowd surf as a way to have fun at these shows. People mosh, and crowd surf for the rush, and the feeling of no restraint. The music that they usually listen to when they mosh reflects feelings of rage, and often of no regard. This is the way that they try to express what they believe to be true about the music. Moshing (or rough housing), can be seen as violent in a way, but so are many sports such as football. Nobody usually enters a mosh unless they want to, and there is proper etiquette for those who do. No punches are allowed to be thrown, and when people crowd surf they are not supposed to be dropped. All in all, the P eople who mosh, and crowd surf ,simply think that doing this at concerts should be allowed because it makes the concert fun, and entertaining, also because it is a part of the music that they listen to. Con - Mosh pitting and crowd surfing are extremely dangerous activities to participate in at a concert. It is very easy for people to get hurt when the join into a brawl in the mosh, or if the crowd drops the person that is crowd surfing. Injuries are bound to happen if the people around you are irresponsible. People get crushed if they fall in either case. Law suits could arise if someone gets hurt. People generally don’t like the fact that they might get hit if they attend a certain concert. Mosh pitting should be banned ,and so should crowd surfing ,so that accidental deaths do not occur as a result of participating in these out-of-control acts of recklessness.... Free Essays on Moshing Free Essays on Moshing Pro and con Arguments concerning Mosh pitting and Crowd surfing†¦ Pro- Mosh pitting is a vital part of Heavy Metal and Rock and Roll genre. At live concerts and shows, youths repeatedly engage in the phenomenon known as Mosh pitting. In the Mosh Pit, the people who enter engage in â€Å"rough house,† as they show their self expression through this act of tough dance. They bump each other and some people even crowd surf as a way to have fun at these shows. People mosh, and crowd surf for the rush, and the feeling of no restraint. The music that they usually listen to when they mosh reflects feelings of rage, and often of no regard. This is the way that they try to express what they believe to be true about the music. Moshing (or rough housing), can be seen as violent in a way, but so are many sports such as football. Nobody usually enters a mosh unless they want to, and there is proper etiquette for those who do. No punches are allowed to be thrown, and when people crowd surf they are not supposed to be dropped. All in all, the P eople who mosh, and crowd surf ,simply think that doing this at concerts should be allowed because it makes the concert fun, and entertaining, also because it is a part of the music that they listen to. Con - Mosh pitting and crowd surfing are extremely dangerous activities to participate in at a concert. It is very easy for people to get hurt when the join into a brawl in the mosh, or if the crowd drops the person that is crowd surfing. Injuries are bound to happen if the people around you are irresponsible. People get crushed if they fall in either case. Law suits could arise if someone gets hurt. People generally don’t like the fact that they might get hit if they attend a certain concert. Mosh pitting should be banned ,and so should crowd surfing ,so that accidental deaths do not occur as a result of participating in these out-of-control acts of recklessness....

Global warming is it real or not Research Paper

Global warming is it real or not - Research Paper Example Due to the rise in temperature, much of the living organisms are affected most of which die. Researchers suggest that the rise in the concentration of these greenhouse gases results in the Earth getting warmer gradually. This concentration occurs, for example, by the release of gases like CO2 in the atmosphere through natural processes and also by industries and factories that burn fossil fuels. Deforestation is another cause of increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere since trees are the most important absorbers of CO2 and when they are cut down, CO2 increases and thus concentrates the atmosphere. The debate whether global warming is real or not is going on and it is being researched whether increase in the level of greenhouse gases like CO2 will eventually lead to man’s death by warming up the Earth to an unacceptable level. In my view, global warming is as important an environment issue as air pollution or ozone depletion is, and needs serious consideration so as to save the Earth and the life. Reason 1 Now, I discuss the reasons behind my thesis statement. I believe that global warming is real because the stakeholders are many. Humans are being affected by this problem and will continue to get affected if it is not solved. Human beings are the most important stakeholders of global warming and are also the cause of it. They will have to understand that their communities are at stake due to abrupt rise in sea level, massive storms and hurricanes, and heat and cold waves. For example, the year 2007 brought worst floods in the history of many countries like Malaysia, UK, North Korea, and other African countries. Pakistan saw the worst flood in 2010 that took millions of lives and took the shelter of thousands of people. After human beings, the next important stakeholders are the animals and plants. Some animals are able to move to places of acceptable temperature but some are not able to cross the mountain barriers and waters. Plants cannot move, so they die. Another stakeholder is the global governments whose vision toward solving the issue of global warming depends upon the views of their citizens. Many of these governments have not taken satisfactory moves toward the solution of global warming but there are other examples like Kyoto Protocol of 1997 which planned to counter the climate change issue. The Southern Baptist Convention of June 2007, which was considered as the country’s largest Protestant denomination (Miller, 2008, p.128), raised concerns about the fact that global warming will continue to affect the poor of the country because even if steps are taken to counter global warming by reducing the number of factories that emit CO2, this will result in an increase in the cost of energy that will ultimately affect the poor. Businesses are the only stakeholders that will not make movements against the global arming issue so much so that they will even try to stop the decrease in global warming. This is because businesses tend to run such factories and industries that emit CO2 into the atmosphere and no business would want to end his business. But not all businesses work in this manner. For example, FedEx is such a company that tends to decrease global warming by shifting its entire fleet of delivery trucks to hybrids. Reason 2 I believe that global warming is real also because it is resulting in many climate changes. Everybody will

CORPORATE RISK MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CORPORATE RISK MANAGEMENT - Essay Example Companies incur a substantial amount of cost in the management of the risks (Ridley & Channing, 1999). Companies hire experts in order to mitigate the risks associated with its operations. The amount of risk to be mitigated varies from company to company and operation to operation. The dependency is related with the intensity of the risk as the risk shall be high when it affects the company’s operation at maximum (Agrawal, 2009). Although the risk is attached with every operation of the company but there are some certain areas in which the concern of the risk is substantial and companies’ need to focus more upon those. The costs associated with risk management is dependent upon both, the intensity of the risk and the value of that risk. The intensity and value tend to differ in every operation and every company. Some companies are more concerned about stock out than other whereas some companies are more concern about the halt in the company’s operations. The mana gement of risk is carried out with utmost focus and importance when an investment is to be made. A decision to choose from many investments is to be made and usually the investment associated with least risk is preferred over others. The basic goal of a company is the maximizing the wealth of its shareholders. A companies manages all risk in such a manner that the company is not derailed from its progress towards its goals. For the pharmaceutical companies the intensity attached with the risk of the new drug is much intense as it has many implications of the respective legislations (Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2013). The high intensity of risk demands high risk management as in the failure of managing the risk shall be leading to the closure of the company. Pharmaceutical companies have more risk intensity than that of other companies as the products of the company is medications and thus greater restrictions and regulations are applied to them (Brown & Mannan, 2004).  . Costs in risk manag ement are both qualitative and quantitative as per the objectives of the company. Companies hire expert in management and they evaluate the procedures and the risks involved in it and thus have to incur costs as in terms of salaries of the hired experts. The companies incur cost as direct salaries but the time that is consumed in the process is the cost that the company bear in terms of lateness in the selection criteria as the time value of money is considered to be deteriorating. In short term this cost is of intense importance as the time is short as when the selection is done and the company has to over go with the selected option and carry out the procedures. Whereas in the long run the cost of delaying as because of the time taken in the appraisals and selection is considered important as well where the deteriorating value of money is considered over the time (Jorda?o & Sousa, 2010). Risk management is concerned with the measurement of the risk and the intensity of the risk wh ich is a time consuming method (Krause, 2006). The returns upon the project risk is associated with the market rate of return. The comparison between the two is done in order to appraise the project. There are high probabilities in certain cases where the company sees the project feasible as less risky and afterwards due to the

Human Resource Manager Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Resource Manager - Assignment Example pments in the field of Human Resource (HR), the companies emphasised the need of investing sufficient amount of funds in creation of a workforce that will allow it to maintain its edge in the industry (Truss & Gill, 2009). It is generally believed that personnel management and HRM are similar concepts and there is a minor difference between the two. On the other hand, the proponents of HRM are of the viewpoint that the role of HRM has widened by a considerable extent and it covers a wide range of aspects that were overlooked by personnel managers (`Marchington, 2008). Human Resource Management is given its due respect and importance in firms which was not the case usually observed under the role of personnel management. Generally, personnel management is referred to the set of activities that concern the workforce such as staffing, contractual obligations, payroll and various administrative responsibilities; it shows that it was more concerned with managing people as compared to the resources. On the other hand, HRM takes a holistic approach by ensuring that there is a proper fit and alignment between the organisation’s objectives and its long-term performance. In HRM, the employees are given utmost attention so that their goals are aligned with the business objectives; both people and resources are efficiently utilised (Armstrong, 2006). The personnel management is concerned more with meeting day-to-day activities and focuses on meeting the employees’ current needs. Whereas, in HRM, the main focus is on the employees’ long-term needs and providing them the opportunities to develop their skills and competencies so that they can be proactive and handle their responsibilities properly. In personnel management, employees were considered as a cost but in HRM, employees are valued as vital assets of the company (Srivastava, 2010). Since HRM takes into account all the mandatory aspects required by the organisations to enhance their performance in the market and

Implementing EMS Recommendations Essay Example for Free

Implementing EMS Recommendations Essay Introduction After an audit had been performed for Riordan Manufacturing, faults were found in current procedures and solutions created to make them more sustainable. Listed below are some barriers that may occur when implementing Riordan’s new strategies and the necessary steps needed to overcome those barriers. Identified as well are methods currently in place to ensure systematic monitoring of the new sustainable practices that have or will be put in place. Identify Barriers Riordan Manufacturing has to identify the barriers they must overcome to become a sustainable organization. The barriers must be broken into two parts, external and internal barriers (Ruark, 2013). External barriers are those that Riordan must follow because of federal laws, state laws, and local policies. Another external barrier is the suppliers the organization contracts to do additional work whether in the United States or another country. The organization is responsible for those non-sustainable issues that the contractor creates. Internal barriers are the ones that the company creates, but can control. The organization will have to hire Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) that understand the issues, create a plan to overcome those issues, and maintain the progress. The SMEs must have the funding in place to start doing their work. They must communicate their findings and provide solutions to Riordan Manufacturing management. Communication is the largest barrier to overcome. The SMEs must establish a target and conduct a plan. Another internal barrier is change, and people don’t like change. The leadership must work hard to get the employees on board to help with the changes. Creating an  additional department supervised by the SMEs that handles these barriers will make Riordan manufacturing a success. How or why they might occur Barriers occur for many reasons, and some of the reasons they occur is the lack of communication from the management down to the lowest level. Communication must flow up and down to understand the organizations target and intents. The communication flow will allow the employees to understand the policies and procedures that Riordan Manufacturing has put in place. Another reason barriers occur are due to the lack of training that the employees do not receive. Having properly trained employees will assist with the proper flow of communication as well as the process and procedures that Riordan will implement. The cost to Riordan Manufacturing to implement any new sustainable plan will be a short term profit lost for the organization. The last important reason barriers occur is because resources are not in place as well as the SMEs to provide the guidance to become sustainable and maintain sustainability. Consider financial, social, ethical, technical, and practical aspects of business Financial cost, social concerns, and the environment are important aspects to the approach in becoming compliant with any legal requirements. The practical aspects barrier Riordan Manufacturing will encounter will be trying to improve their facilities with new pipes, air vents, and drainage systems. Implementing the new measures will have an impact on the technical barrier in the operations of the facilities to produce a product that can cause delays in production. Ethical and social issues are important to any organization that is trying to create and maintain their Environment Management System (EMS). The organization cannot allow anyone to use products or change manufacturing processes as that will be unethical. Describe methods currently in place or necessary to ensure systematic monitoring of new sustainable practices.   Riordan Manufacturing will implement some of the new processes recommended to deal with the oil, ink and the solvent issue. They will make sure to measure the air quality in the factory, recycle the oil keeping track of how  much oil is been used, and how much solvent is been separated from the water. They have several measures of monitoring the three areas in the different facilities, but will need to improve in reporting and making changes when needed. How are they measured or monitored? Updating the existing reporting process for all the areas and conduct meetings with the leadership, employees and stakeholders to see what the best approach to any situation is. Adding additional measures to analyze any situation will allow Riordan Manufacturing to understand what is working and what is failing. Monitoring the air pollution and pounds of waste in all the Riordan Manufacturing facilities will allow them to keep track in monthly bases to improve sustainability. What happens if a recommended practice is not working as it was intended? Different courses of action (COA) must be completed for any one task. This COA allows the organization to decide on the best approach when dealing with any issue. The COA will outline the process, produces, and cost to the project. This different COA also provides the leadership with the different solutions to one issue. If the COA selected is not working they have other COA for the same situation they can quickly implement to solve any problem. Conclusion Riordan manufacturing will implement new solutions to help make them more sustainable. Of course, Riordan will need to identify their internal and external barriers to overcome, and once found putting strategies in place to overcome and avoid them. One of the biggest barriers is communication. Having a barrier of communication prevents the flow of understanding of policies and procedures as well as the targets and intents put in place by Riordan. Updating the reporting system as well as adding an additional measure to analyze situations, will allow Riordan to see which processes are successful and which ones failed. Failed processes will be dealt with by putting together multiple courses of action so that solutions can easily be switched if one is not working as well as anticipated. Business organizations have an obligation to help sustain and preserve the environment for future generations. Riordan has taken the initiative in  developing strategies that will incorporate sustainable business practices to ensure that the company and the employees leave less of a carbon footprint for future generations. Reference Ruark, C. A. (2013, August 9). Eliminating Barriers to Small Business Sustainability. Retrieved from Triple Pundit: http://www.triplepundit.com/2013/08/eliminating-barriers-small- business-sustainability/

The Ontological Argument Essay -- Philosophy Religion

The Ontological Argument In Anselm's ontological argument he is trying to prove the existence of God, his argument is an argument purely based on the mind and does not require the moral agent to venture into the real of the senses. Ontology is to do with being, or what something is. Anselm's ontological argument concerns existence and whether it is an attribute of God in the same way omnipotence, omniscience and benevolence are believed to be. The argument is an a priori argument. It does not rest on proving God's existence by relying on experimental knowledge but on showing that God must exist logically, or that God's non-existence is illogical. The main idea behind Anselm’s argument is that if I can think X to exist X must exist because it is possible to conceive it. As such the central premise of the ontological argument is: 'God is that than which nothing greater can be conceived' In other words it is better for something to exist in reality that in the mind, or to exist is the best quality something can poss...

What gave rise to urbanisation in the mediterranean Essay -- essays re

â€Å"What gave rise to urbanisation in the Mediterranean region?† What is urbanisation? To ‘urbanise’ is to ‘make (a rural area) more industrialized and urban’ , urban meaning ‘of or living in a city or town’ . Marja C.V. Vink argues that â€Å"The word urbanization was used for the first time in Spain a little more than one hundred years ago† to show the â€Å"quantitative and qualitative growth if cities† . The degree of urbanisation is quite different when comparing towns or cities of antiquity to the modern understanding of an urban centre; however, essentially it is the same process. When talking about the rise of urbanisation in the Mediterranean region 3 main civilisations spring to mind, firstly the Greeks who were inspired by advanced civilisations of the Near East. Secondly, the Etruscans who ruled central Italy from the eighth century to the third century B.C. when the last Etruscan cities fell to Rome. Etruria was bordered to the south by the River Tiber and to the north by the River Arno. City states developed in Etruria in the eighth and seventh centuries B.C., and â€Å"by the last decades of the eighth century B.C. the centres which had undergone the process of urbanization and social diversification had acquired some of the status of cities.† Etruria flourished until the Gauls invaded in the fourth century B.C. From 616-509 Etruscan kings ruled over Rome. Finally, the Romans dating back to 753 B.C. with the founding of Rome by Romulus. Urbanisation is synonymous with cities. It seems impossible to consider a civilisation ‘urbanised’ if it does not have urban centres. So what is an urban centre? And why were these urban centres needed? Looking at what the cities consisted of can help one answer these questions. In Greece the most obvious choice for studying the process of urbanisation is Athens. I have chosen Marzabotto as the example of an urban centre for Etruria and finally, for the Roman Empire I have chosen Rome. These three cities all adapted to the needs of their population and the one thing common to all three is a cult centre. The first urban centres were certainly not Roman, however once urbanised Rome surpassed any of the Greek or former Etruscan cites in terms of monumentalisation. The Neolithic & Dark Age sees the beginning of domestication of plants and livestock, as well as the emergence of weaponry. With cultivation now possible peopl... ...biliography. Andersen, D., Urbanisation in the Mediterranean, 1997, Museum Tusculanum Press, University of Copenhagen. Barker, G., and Rasmussen, T., The Etruscans. 1998, Blackwell Publishers. Boitani, F., et.al. Etruscan Cities. 1973, Cassell and Company, London. Camp, D.M., The Athenian Agora, 1986, London. Easterling, P.E., and Muir, J.V., Greek Religion and Society. 1985, Cambridge. Lassus, J. The Early Christian and Byzantine World, 1967, Paul Hamlyn, London. Owens, E.J., The City in the Greek and Roman World. 1991, Routeledge, London and New York. Rykwert, J., The Idea of a Town. 1999, The MIT Press, London and Cambridge. Tomlinson, R., From Mycenae to Constantinople: The evolution of the Ancient City, 1992, Routeledge, London and New York. Ward-Perkins, J.B., Cities of Ancient Greece and Italy: Planning in Classical Antiquity. 1974, George Braziller, New York. Collins New Pocket English Dictionary, Harper Collins Publishers, 1992 Websites http://projectsx.dartmouth.edu/classics/history/bronze_age/lessons/les/22.html#8 http://www.anistor.co.hol.gr/english/enback/e992.htm http://www.localcolorart.com/encyclopedia/Minoan_civilization/ http://www.cedarland.org/trade.html

Family Background of Edgar Sia Essay

1. * Electronic Controller uses electrical signals and digital algorithms to perform its receptive, comparative and corrective functions. is best suited for applications where large load changes are encountered and/or fast response changes are required. Trerice Electronic Controllers have full auto tuning and PID capabilities, and offer a host of available options, including user selectable inputs and ranges, outputs, setback functions, and alarms. An economical â€Å"on/off† only style is also available for simple control applications. * Electromechanical controller is a type of traffic signal controller. Despite the fact that computerized traffic signal controllers have dominated the world of traffic signal control, electromechanical traffic signal controllers are still in existence. Electromechanical controllers have been in existence for over 60 years, and they are interesting in many ways, such as how they operate, for example. An electromechanical controller is solely operated by electrical relays. Electrical relays are what provide electrical currents to the important parts that are responsible for controlling the indications of a traffic signal that the electromechanical traffic signal controller is wired to * ELECTRICAL CONTROLLER For actuating a number of electrical devices in accordance with control inputs received from a number of control input sources includes a number of optical isolators having inputs coupled to the control input sources. The optical isolators function to electrically isolate each of the control input sources from each other and to provide individual control voltages corresponding to the control inputs received from the control input sources. The outputs of the optical isolators are coupled through a user-actuable matrix switch to the coils of a number of relays which, in turn, control the electrical devices. Through various settings of the matrix switch, various ones of the electrical devices can be actuated in response to control inputs received from particular ones of the control input sources. Electrical isolation is maintained among the control input sources to avoid the development of undesirable feedbacks to the non-actuated control input sources. * Mechanical Controllers combine sensors, logic, and actuators to maintain the performance of components of a machine. Perhaps the best known is the flyball governor for a steam engine. Examples of these devices range from a thermostat that as temperature rises opens a valve to cooling water to speed controllers such the cruise control system in an automobile. The programmable logic controller replaced relays and specialized control mechanisms with a programmable computer. Servomotors that accurately position a shaft in response to an electrical command are the actuators that make robotic systems possible. 2.) * Motor control * PWM controller * DC-DC controller * Switched mode power supply a) SWITCH is an electrical component that can break anelectrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another.[1][2] The most familiar form of switch is a manually operated electromechanicaldevice with one or more sets of electrical contacts, which are connected to external circuits. Each set of contacts can be in one of two states: either â€Å"closed† meaning the contacts are touching and electricity can flow between them, or â€Å"open†, meaning the contacts are separated and the switch is nonconducting. The mechanism actuating the transition between these two states (open or closed) can be either a â€Å"toggle† (flip switch for continuous â€Å"on† or â€Å"off†) or â€Å"momentary† (push-for â€Å"on† or push-for â€Å"off†) type. A switch may be directly manipulated by a human as a control signal to a system, such as a computer keyboard button, or to control power flow in a circuit, such as a light switch. Automatically operated switches can be used to control the motions of machines, for example, to indicate that a garage door has reached its full open position or that a machine tool is in a position to accept another workpiece. Switches may be operated by process variables such as pressure, temperature, flow, current, voltage, and force, acting assensors in a process and used to automatically control a system. For example, a thermostat is a temperature-operated switch used to control a heating process. A switch that is operated by another electrical circuit is called a relay. Large switches may be remotely operated by a motor drive mechanism. Some switches are used to isolate electric power from a system, providing a visible point of isolation that can be padlocked if necessary to prevent accidental operation of a machine during maintenance, or to prevent electric shock. An ideal switch would have no voltage drop when closed, and would have no limits on voltage or current rating. It would have zero rise time and fall time during state changes, and would change state without â€Å"bouncing† between on and off positions. Practical switches fall short of this ideal; they have resistance, limits on the current and voltage they can handle, finite switching time, etc. The ideal switch is often used in circuit analysis as it greatly simplifies the system of equations to be solved, however this can lead to a less accurate solution. Theoretical treatment of the effects of non-ideal properties is required in the design of large networks of switches, as for example used in telephone exchanges. b) RELAY is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also used. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits, repeating the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitting it to another. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations. A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric motor or other loads is called a contactor. Solid-state relays control power circuits with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform switching. Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used to pro tect electrical circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems these functions are performed by digital instruments still called â€Å"protective relays†. c) COIL is formed when a conductor (usually an insulated solid copper wire) is wound around a core or form to create an inductor or electromagnet. When electricity is passed through a coil, it generates heat. One loop of wire is usually referred to as aturn, and a coil consists of one or more turns. For use in an electronic circuit, electrical connectionterminals called taps are often connected to a coil. Coils are often coated with varnish or wrapped with insulating tape to provide additional insulation and secure them in place. A completed coil assembly with taps is often called a winding. A transformer is an electromagnetic device that has aprimary winding and a secondary winding that transfers energy from one electrical circuit to another by inductive coupling without moving parts. The term tickler coil usually refers to a feedback coil, which is often the third coil placed in relation to a primary coil and secondary coil. A coil tap is a wiring feature found on some electrical transformers, inductors and coil pickups, all of which are sets of wire coils. The coil tap(s) are points in a wire coil where a conductive patch has been exposed (usually on a loop of wire that extends out of the main coil body). As self induction is larger for larger coil diameter the current in a thick wire tries to flow on the inside. The ideal use of copper is achieved by foils. Sometimes this means that a spiral is a better alternative. Multilayer coils have the problem of interlayer capacitance, so when multiple layers are needed the shape needs to be radically changed to a short coil with many layers so that the voltage between consecutive layers is smaller (making them more spiral like).